Authorities ask for different things, and the words are easy to mix up. Here is what each one means, a four-question check, and what French and foreign bodies usually ask for.
A translation with a signed statement that it is complete and faithful to the original. It is not a court status.
Une traduction accompagnée d'une attestation signée selon laquelle elle est complète et conforme à l'original. Ce n'est pas un statut judiciaire.
Sworn translationTraduction assermentée
A translation signed and stamped by a translator who has taken an oath and is registered as an expert with a French court of appeal. Some French bodies require it.
Une traduction signée et revêtue du cachet d'un traducteur qui a prêté serment et figure comme expert sur la liste d'une cour d'appel. Certains organismes français l'exigent.
ApostilleApostille
A certificate that confirms the authenticity of the signature on a public document, used between countries that belong to the Hague Convention of 1961. It is issued by the authority of the country that produced the document.
Un certificat qui confirme l'authenticité de la signature apposée sur un acte public, utilisé entre les pays parties à la Convention de La Haye de 1961. Il est délivré par l'autorité du pays qui a établi le document.
LegalisationLégalisation
A chain of checks, usually through consular channels, that gives a document effect in a country outside the apostille system.
Une chaîne de vérifications, le plus souvent par voie consulaire, qui donne effet à un document dans un pays hors du système de l'apostille.
What bodies usually ask for
A guide, not a promise. Each body decides, and rules change. Check the body's own page.
Body
Typically asks for
Our certified translation
Next step
Prefecture (residence, naturalisation)
Often a sworn translation of civil-status documents
May not be enough
Ask the prefecture, then order or ask us
Town hall (marriage, civil registry)
Usually a sworn translation
Usually not enough
Ask us about sworn
Court or tribunal
A sworn translation
Not enough
Ask us about sworn
University or school
A certified translation, or sometimes a sworn one
Often enough
Check the admissions page, then order
Notary (property, estate)
Varies by act; often sworn for deeds
Often enough for supporting papers, not for deeds
Ask the notary
Bank, insurer, employer
Usually a certified translation
Usually enough
Order
Licence exchange (prefecture)
Often a sworn translation for licences from outside the EU/EEA
May not be enough
Check, then order or ask us
Foreign authority
Usually a certified translation with a translator's statement
Often enough
Read their exact wording, then order
Sworn translation, apostille, another language? Ask us.Traduction assermentée, apostille, autre langue ? Posez-nous la question.
We cannot issue an apostille. We can translate a document and its apostille, and tell you where to get one. For sworn translations and other language pairs, tell us what you need.